tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-46727935742095431262024-02-09T00:35:51.481+09:00瞬間英作文 つかって覚える英文法 英会話もたまにはねpex5phttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17141963013587605341noreply@blogger.comBlogger43125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4672793574209543126.post-1349389545975106612013-11-30T17:54:00.003+09:002021-03-01T11:59:05.110+09:00場面によって違う意味になる Why not? の使い方とニュアンス<head>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">英会話でよく耳にするフレーズ</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Why not?</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">このwhy not? 使われる場面によって違う意味になります。</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">例えば</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><i>I don't like dresses that are too cheap. </i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><i>(安すぎるドレスは好きじゃないわ!)</i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><i><br /></i></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><i>Why not?</i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><i><br /></i></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><i>Cheap dresses are poor quality.</i></span><br />
<i><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">(安いドレスは品質がよくないでしょ!</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">)</span></i><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">この場合の意味は</span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">「なんで安いドレスが好きじゃないの?」</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Why don't you like Cheap dresses? </span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">を省略したものだから</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">「なんで?」という意味になります!</span><br />
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<u><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">つまり、否定文に対する疑問「</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">なんで〜じゃないの?」</span></u><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">を聞きたいのでwhy?ではなくwhy not?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">になるんですね</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">肯定文なら</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><i><br /></i></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><i>I like dresses that are expensive.</i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><i><br /></i></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><i>Why?</i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><i><br /></i></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><i>Expensive dresses are stylish and trendy.</i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><i>(高いドレスはスタイリッシュで最先端だもの!)</i></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">このWhyは</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">「Why do you like expensive dresses?」</span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">が省略されたものですね。</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">それでは、ちょっと応用編です!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>I disagree with you. (君には失望したよ!)</i></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">これに対する答えは</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Why? </span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Why not? </span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">どっちでしょうか? </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">disagreeは接頭語 dis-がnotの意味なので、</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">なんで?と聞き返す場合には「なんで notなの?」</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">と聞くことになるので、Why not? になります。</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">このWhy~?の使い方わかりましたか?</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">“肯定になんで?”</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">と聞くならWhy~?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">“否定になんでダメなの?”と聞くならWhy not~?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">と使えばいいんです。</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">ではもう一つのWhy not?</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">ネイティブの人たちは普通に使ってますが、</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">これが英語初心者にはわかりにくいWhy not?</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><i>Hi, why don't to go to the movie? (映画に行こうよ?)</i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><i>Why not?</i></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><i>Let's go to the Chinese Restaurant!(中華に行こうよ!)</i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><i>Why not?</i></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">ここでのWhy not? の意味は「ぜひ、もちろん!」</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">映画に行こうよ という誘いに対して</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">ネイティブたちは、Why not? と答えます</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">ネイティブたちは</span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">映画に断る理由がないよ!</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">なぜ、その誘いを断らなきゃいけないの?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">というニュアンスで、Why not?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">を使います。</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">どこどこに行こうよ!という誘い以外でも</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">相手が何かを提案、誘ってくれたときに</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">「もちろん!ぜひお願い!」と言いたい時に</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">使えるのがWhy not?</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><i>Do you want more coffee? </i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><i>Why not?</i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">「もっとコーヒーどう? もちろん!」</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">この表現はとってもフランクで</span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">もちろん、ぜひお願い!みたいに</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">積極的な表現です。</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">では最後に、このWhy not? の応用を</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">shall we have for dinner?</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Why not Sushi?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">(寿司なんていいんじゃない?)</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">このWhy not? は提案する時にも使えて</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">How about Sushi? と提案するよりも</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">積極的なニュアンスになります。</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">こういう表現が使えるようになると</span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">ますます英会話力がアップしますね!</span><br />
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</script>pex5phttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17141963013587605341noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4672793574209543126.post-7620434153847723452013-11-04T01:07:00.001+09:002021-03-10T14:14:54.806+09:00be looking forward to ~ing なぜ不定詞ではなく動名詞が使われるのか?その理由を教えます!<head>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">I'm looking forward to seeing you!</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">(あなたに会えるのを楽しみにしてるよ!)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">テストによくでる重要イディオムで</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">SNSやメールとかで外国の友達に対してもよく使う</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">be looking forward to ~ing</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">toの後の動詞は動詞の原形が続くはずなのに</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">動名詞がくる理由わかりますか?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">簡単にいえば</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">be looking forward toの「to」は前置詞</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">つまりtoのあとにくる単語は</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">名詞なので動名詞(~ing)</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">例えば <i>I'm looking forward to the party.</i></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">前置詞 to の後にくるのは名詞なので</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">the partyのような名詞を使う表現ができます。</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">つまり、<i>be looking forward to something </i>と表現することができます。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">ただ、丸暗記だと</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">すぐに忘れて</span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">toの後ろは動詞の原形だっけ?動名詞だっけ?となりますね</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">意味を考えて覚えれば、もうと迷うこともないはず!そこで、動名詞と不定詞のイメージの違いから、be looking forward to ~ing を説明します!</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><b>そもそも動名詞と不定詞が持つ意味とは?</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">不定詞(to + 動詞の原形)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">不定詞が持つイメージは、「これから先のこと、可能性のあること」。ここで重要になるのが「to」のイメージ。toは〜に向かって、その到着点まで矢印が伸びているイメージ。</span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Let's go to park!</span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><u> to(先に向かって)→ 公園に着くイメージ </u></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">不定詞でも同様、to は先に向かうイメージ</span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">I want to travel in Kyoto next year.</span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><u> to (</u><u>先に向かって)</u><u> → </u><u>来年京都に行きたい </u></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"> 現在の状況 場所 時間 </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><u>未来にむけた表現であるため、実際にやってはない</u></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><u>つまり、後に説明する動名詞に比べ確実性がない</u></span><br />
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">動名詞(動詞のing形)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">動名詞が持つイメージは、「習慣的な行為や反復される行為」。</span><br />
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こう書くとちょっとわかりにくいですが、be+~ing形で表される進行形をイメージしてもらうとわかりやすいかな。進行形は「〜している」というまさにその時に行われている動作を表してます。現在(過去)進行形、「〜している(していた)こと」とは、「経験していること」ですよね。</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">「すでに経験していること」に対して動作を行う時に使われるのが動名詞なんです。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">進行形</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">He's playing tennis now.</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">(彼は今テニスをしている。)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">→いまやっている、つまり経験</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">動名詞</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">He gave up smoking.</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">(彼はタバコをやめた。)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">→かつて吸っていたタバコ(経験)をやめた。</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><u>すでに経験している。つまり行っていることだから</u></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><u>不定詞よりも確実なこと</u></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">まとめると</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: blue; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">不定詞は「これからすること」</span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">つまり、これからするので確実ではない</span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: blue; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">動名詞は「経験している(した)こと」</span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">経験していることなので動名詞の方が確実なニュアンス</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">be looking forward to doing とは</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">「近い将来〜できるのを楽しみにしている」という近未来を表す表現であり、「確実」にできる、想像できることをイメージしていることに対して使われてます。</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">つまり、より確実なイメージの動名詞を用いたほうがニュアンス的にしっくりします。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">また、「ending」のように動詞の中には~ing形がそのまま名詞になっているものがあることから前置詞 to の後にくる語として動名詞のほうがより親和性が高いと言えるのではないでしょうか。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">どうですわかりましたか?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">be looking forward to doing </span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">の理由</span><br />
<br />
<br /></div>
</span><br />
</span><br />
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<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">He was used to doing this work.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">He got used to doing this work.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">この2文、似たような文ですが、</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">全然違う意味になります</span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">この違いがわかりますか?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<span style="color: blue; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">He was used to doing his job.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;">(彼は仕事をするのに<u>慣れていた。</u>)</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;">He got used to doing his job.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span style="color: blue;">(彼は仕事するのに<u>慣れた。</u>)</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">be~の文は、もともと出来ていたという意味</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">get~の文は、ある瞬間に出来るようになったという意味</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">この2文、全然違いますよね!</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">この違いを理解するキーワードは「beとget</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">」</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">beとgetがどういう状況を表す動詞なのかを</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">知らなければなりません。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: blue; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">beは状態動詞</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">状態動詞とはbe, have, exist, want, like, feel, hear, etc.</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">例えば </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><i>She has blue eyes. (彼女は目が青い)</i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"> 直訳すると、彼女は青い目を持っているですが、目が青いという「状態」を表しています。目が青い</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">というのは、その状態や状況をころころとかえられないこと!</span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">つまり、現在形で表しているので、</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">一見、今の話をしているようですが、実は過去、現在、未来にわたって、「目が青い」ということを話している表現になります。</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">目の色は、突然変えられないですよね?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">(カラコン使うとかなしです)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">また、状態を表すので、通常、現在進行形(〜ing)で表すことはありません。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">beも状態を表す動詞。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">I'm from </span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">〜出身です。というのは現在進行形の話ですが、I'm being fromとは言いませんよね。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<u><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">be used to は慣れる状態を表すので、</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">「慣れている」となります。</span></u><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: blue; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">getは動作動詞</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">動作動詞とは、play, run, swim, sing, do, go, etc</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">読んで字のごとく、動作を表す動詞のことです。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">例えば play </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><i>I'm playing tennis with friend now.</i></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">テニスをしているのは「今」まさにしている行為、動作であって、テニスをやっている状態ではないです。例えば、この文では、今テニスをしているということがわかっても、1時間前にやっていたか?30分後もまだやっているのかについては、わかりませんよね。つまり、動作動詞は、状態動詞と異なり、その瞬間の動作、行為を表す表現に用いられます。なので、状態動詞で使われない〜ing形を使った表現があるんです。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">では、話を戻しましょう。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">getは動作動詞</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">I get it. 手に入れたのは、そのときの動作ですよね。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">つまり、get used toは今まさに慣れているのだから「慣れる」となります。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">わかりました?beとgetの違い?</span><br />
<div>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<br />
<span style="color: blue; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">be used to〜ing = 慣れている (状態)</span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">get used to〜ing = 慣れる (動作)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">それではbeとgetの違いを</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">瞬間英作文でトレーニング!!</span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">1) 彼は英語を話すのに慣れている。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">2) 彼女はこの仕事に慣れるようになるだろう。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">3) 左側通行の運転に慣れてきている。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">4) 私は、自分の朝食を作ることに慣れている。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">1) He is used to speaking English. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">2) She will get used to doing this job.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">3) I get used to driving on the left.</span><br />
<div>
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">4) I'm used to making my own breakfast. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: blue; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Thank you anyway! (いずれにしてもありがとうね)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">相手に何かを頼んだのに</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">うまくいかなかった事ってありますよね!</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">そんな時に便利な表現が「Thank you anyway.」</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">ポイントは「anyway」</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">any−way どの− みち</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">単語をばらして直訳すると</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">そのままの意味になるんですね。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">anywayの意味は、どのみち〜、とにかく、など</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">これらの言葉を使う時ってどんな場面です?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">どのみちダメだったけど、(ダメだったけど)とにかく〜しないとね</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">みたいに、期待していたのに実現できなかった時ですよね!!</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Thank you + anyway</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">→ありがとう+どのみち(うまくいかなかったけど)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">→いずれにしてもありがとうね、となります。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">例えば</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">となりの人がいやだったんで</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">劇場の席を変えたかったけど</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">できなかった時</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><i>Can I change my seat in the theater?</i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><i><br /></i></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><i>I'm sorry. I'm afraid not.</i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><i><br /></i></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><i>I see. Okay. Thank you anyway. </i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">このほかにも</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">道を聞いた時に、案内してくれたが結局たどり着けなかった時</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">友達に物を貸してもらったけど、あまり役にたたなかった時</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">など、様々なシチュエーションで使えます。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<i style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></i>
<i style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></i>
<i style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Thank you anyway</i><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">を使う時は</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">「(あなたのしてくれたことは役に立たなかったけど、あなたの好意に感謝して)とにかくありがとう」というような感じで使う表現なんです。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">またこの表現は</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Thanks anyway.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">I thank you just the same. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">と言い換えることもできます。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
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<br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Thank you, you're checking my blog.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">If this article wasn't helpful for you…</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Thank you anyway.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
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<br />
<br />
<span style="color: blue; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="color: blue; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><b>「The Englishman in charge of the worst team in the world」</b></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">とあるコラムで見つけたBBCの記事です。記事の内容は、タイトルにあるように、「世界最弱チームを率いるイングランド人」の半生や代表監督としての悩み、彼の描く野望などが、とても面白く書いてあります。</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">本文は、文法的に難しい文もなく、比較的簡単な単語で綴ってあり、わかりやすかったので、一気に読んでしまいました。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">このコラムはサッカーの記事というよりは、イングランド人監督の生き方や魅力的な人間性などに焦点を当てている記事なので、サッカーにあまり興味がない人でも、楽しめる内容になってます。微笑ましい彼のエピソードを読みながら、南国の島での彼のやりとりを想像してみてはいかがでしょうか?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">BBCへのリンク</span>
<a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/24549624" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;" target="_blank">The Englishman in charge of the worst team in the world</a><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">いきなり、記事を読むのはちょっと…</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">という人のために、軽く内容について紹介しときます</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">世界際弱の国「タークス・カイコス諸島」の代表監督のお話で、イングランド人監督の名はマシュー・グリーン。記事によるとグリーン監督はイングランドのハル出身の41歳で独身。15歳でハル・シティのユースを解雇されたグリーン監督の前職は教師で、フットボールの監督としての経歴は、地元ハルでパブのチームを率いた経験があるのみ。この時点で既に頬が緩む。パブのチームしか監督したことの無いオジさんが、曲がりなりにも代表監督の座について、世界最弱の呼び名を払拭しようと南の島で日夜励んでいるのである。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">「みんなは、オレがビーチに座ってただピニャコラーダを飲んでいるだけなんだろうと思っている。オレもそうありたいと思うんだけど、やることが多すぎてとても大変なんだよ」と語るグリーン監督。記事には、グリーンさんの半生や、カリブ海にやってきて代表監督になるまでの経緯が綴られており、小国を率いる監督ならではの苦労話がグリーンさんによって開陳されている。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">「怒ったり興奮したりすると、ついハル訛りがでちゃうんだが、これがまた頻繁にあってね」なんていうくだりがあって、情景を思い浮かべるだけでも沁沁(しみじみ)と笑える。ハル訛りがどんなものかは知らないけれど、島民とグリーンさんのフットボールを介したやり取りに思いを巡らせると、温かなおかしみがこみ上げてくる。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">全部、書いてしまうのもあれなんで</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">続きが気になる人は</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">下記のリンクから読んでみて下さい。</span><br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/24549624" target="_blank">http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/24549624</a><br />
<br />
<br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Could you let me know that〜? </span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;">「それ私にも知らせて(教えて)下さい!」</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"><br /></span></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"><br /></span></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<div style="font-family: Times;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">今回、紹介するのは、中学校で習う「</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">let」を使った表現です。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div style="font-family: Times; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">このletは、</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">使役動詞</span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">使役動詞というとなんだか難しく感じますが</span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">よく使われる表現なので使って覚えましょう。</span></div>
<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">まずは使役動詞について</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">使役動詞にはmake, let, have, getなどがあり、</span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">人や物に「〜させる」や「〜してもらう」という意味を表します。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">文法上の決まり事は</span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">let(使役動詞)+目的語(人など)+動詞の原形</span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">の形をとることです</span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">今回、取り上げたletのイメージは「allow」=許す</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">(人)に〜するのを許すという意味を表します。</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">今回の文を例に使役動詞を説明します。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Could you let me know that?</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">この文を直訳すると</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">meにknowすることを許してね</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">→「私に知らせてね、教えてね」となります。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">この表現は、人に〜してねという意味で使われるので</span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">例えば、meをusに置き換えると</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>Could you let us know that? </i></span><span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">とすれば、</span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div>
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">「私たちにも知らせてね」という意味になりますね!</span></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">例に挙げたように、文法書や辞書などでは</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">meやusといった自分に関する表現が多いのですが</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /><br />実は、他の人に知らせるというという使い方もあります。</span><br />
<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">例えば、meをhimに置き換えれば</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>Could you let him know that?</i></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> 「彼に知らせてください」</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">→「彼に伝えておいて下さい」という意味になります。</span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">それ、(誰かに)伝えておいて、と言いたい時に</span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">この表現を知ってれば便利ですね!</span><br />
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">1. 彼は日曜日になるとよく釣りに出かける。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">2. 父は週末に私をよく動物園に連れていってくれたものでした。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">3. 10代の子は言われた通りにはしないものだ。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">4. ガソリンは水に浮くものだ。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">5. 以前は仕事の後にジムに行ったものだが、今は行かない。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">6. 以前、この角にカフェがあった。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">7. 日曜日にはいつも映画を見に行ったものだが、今はもう行かない。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">8. 若いころはよく映画を見に行ったものだ。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">9. スペインに住んでいたころはよく美術館に行ったものだ。</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">答えと解説</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><b><u>習慣を表すwill, would</u></b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">ここで使われるwillのイメージは「予想」</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">あなたが、曇り空を見たときに一言つぶやいたとします。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>It will rain tomorrow. (明日は雨かなあ。)</i></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">なぜこの台詞が出るかというと、大抵の人は、曇りの時は翌日雨が降ることがあるという「これまでの経験」をもとに、“明日雨かなあ”と思う、予想しますよね。つまり<u>「経験」によって話し手が「どう思うのか」それを表すのが予想のwillの正体。</u></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">では、習慣を表すwill/wouldとは?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>We would often play baseball when we were kids.</i></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>(子どもの頃は、よく野球をしていたなあ。)</i></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">習慣とは、「これまでの経験」が積み重なってできるもの。つまり、よく和訳で用いられる「〜したものだった」などは、予想のwill(経験)から派生したものなんです。話し手が「過去にしていたこと(経験)」について思う、それが習慣のwill。つまり、この表現は、<u>個人的な過去を回想するという意味合いが強く主観的な表現である。</u>例文でも、“子どものころに野球をしていた”という多くの過去の経験を主観的に話すので、「よく〜していたものだった、よくしていたなあ」という意味になる。また<u>willを用いた場合には「よく〜する」という現在の習慣を表す表現になる。</u></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><b><u>習慣を表すused to</u></b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">useの語源はラテン語のutiという動詞からきていて、この動詞は「使う」他に「慣れいてる」という意味があります。(今の英語には慣れているという意味はない、ただし名詞の時は、その意味を持つ場合がある。)</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>We used to play baseball when we were kids.</i></span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>「子どもの頃は、よく野球をしていたんだけどなあ。</i></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>(今はしてないけど)</i></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>」</i></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">助動詞として使われるused toは、「〜慣れている」の過去形「〜慣れていた」が変化したものである。慣れていたとは、「過去に行った経験や動作」であるから、習慣を表すようになった。この表現のポイントは過去形がもとになっているため、過去と現在を対比して、<u>「現在では行ってないが、昔は〜だった」</u>という意味合いを含む表現になる。</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><b>would (often), used toの違い</b></u></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">ルール①</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">used toは動作および状態を表す動詞と結びつくのに対して、wouldは動作を表す動詞とだけ結びつく。これだけでは、なんのことかさっぱりわかりませんよね。。。これ、どういう意味かというと</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">wouldは(動作に対して)昔はよくやったよね、となり</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">used toは(状態に対して)昔は〜だったよね(今は違うけど)となる。</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">つまりwouldは昔繰り返し行っていたことに対して述べる表現である。</span><br />
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<i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">We would often play outside until it got dark.</span></i><br />
<i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">(あの頃は〜だったよね、以前に繰り返していたことを回想する表現)</span></i><br />
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<i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> We used to play outside until it got dark.</span></i><br />
<i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">(今とは違って昔はというニュアンスになる。)</span></i><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">状態動詞の場合</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>There used to be a cafe here.(以前</i></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>ここにカフェがあったのに。)</i></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">以前、あの頃、昔、ここにカフェがあったのは、状態ですか?動作ですか?</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">答えは当然、ここに建っていたという状態ですね。仮に、この文をwouldで表現しようとすると、wouldは過去の反復を表すので、この場所には何度もカフェが建ってはなくなり、建ってはなくなっていた、という意味不明な文になってしまう。そのため、wouldは状態動詞を導くことができないので、このような表現では<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;">過去の状態を表すused to</span>が使われる。</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>状態動詞 know, like, love, believe, have, live, stay etc.</i></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>動作動詞 play, run, arrive, come, drive, eat, get, go etc.</i></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">ルール②</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">wouldは過去に行っていた動作の反復の記憶や経験などと強く結びつく表現である。従って、この表現では、often, sometimeなどの頻度を表す副詞を伴うことが多い。また、「あの頃は〜だった」と過去の出来事に対しての記憶を主観的に述べる表現なので、過去を結びつけるwhen I was youngなどの明らかに過去とわかる表現と共に使われる。(そうしないと、単純未来や意思のwillと違いが解らない)</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><b>習性・傾向を表すwill</b></u></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">このwillも予想のwillがイメージから起因する表現である。</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>The birds will fly south when winter comes.</i></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>(冬が来ると、その鳥は南に飛んでいくだろう。)</i></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">この訳をみると、いかにも定説で客観的事実を述べている表現に感じますが、これは、“渡り鳥は冬になるとエサを求めて南にくるよね”ということを言っているニュアンスなんです。予想のwillはどんなニュアンスで使われているかといえば、</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">「経験」によって話し手が「どう思うのか」それを表すのが予想のwillです。つまり、教科書に書いてあったことを読んで、すぐ人に話すのではなく、知識や経験に基づいて、こうだよねという主観的に述べる表現、それが習性・傾向を表すwillなんです。</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">1. 彼は日曜日になるとよく釣りに出かける。</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">He will often go fishing on Sundays.</span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">日頃の習慣だからwill</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">2. 父は週末に私をよく動物園に連れていってくれたものでした。</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">My father would often take me to the zoo with me on weekends.</span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">「週末によく連れていってくれた」は過去の動作の反復であるからwouldを用い、頻度を伴うoftenを使う。また、過去であるということを結びつける過去にあったweekendもwouldを使う理由の1つ。</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">3. 10代の子は言われた通りにはしないものだ。</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Teenager will not do as they are told.</span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">「いわれた通りにしないものだ」これは10代の子の性質を主観的に述べているので習性のwillを用いる。これは、経験則に基づいて述べているニュアンスを含んでいる。</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">4. ガソリンは水に浮くものだ。</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Gasoline will float on water.</span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">物質の性質を述べているので習性のwill、ただし経験や知識の裏付けがあって述べる表現である。</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">5. 以前は仕事の後にジムに行ったものだが、今は行かない。</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">I used to go to a gim after work, but now I don't.</span></span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">「以前はジムにいったが、今は行かない」という過去の状態を述べているのでused toを用いる。</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">6. 以前、この角にカフェがあった。</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">There used to be cafe on this corner.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">「以前、カフェがあった」という状態を述べているのでused to</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">7. 日曜日にはいつも映画を見に行ったものだが、今はもう行かない。</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Times; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">I used to go to the movies every Sundays, but now I don't.</span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">「(昔は)映画を見に行ったが、今は行かない」という状態を述べているのでused to</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">8. 若いころはよく映画を見に行ったものだ。</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Times; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">I would often go to the movie when I was young.</span></span></span></span></div>
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</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">「若いころ</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">(when I was young)」</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">は、明らかに過去を表す表現であり、主観的に見に行ったものだと述べているのでwouldを用いる。</span></div>
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<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">9. スペインに住んでいたころはよく美術館に行ったものだ。</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Times; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Times; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">I would often visit museums when I lived Spain. </span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Times;">
</div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">「スペインに住んでいたときは」は、過去を表す語であり、主観的に回想している表現なのでwouldを用いる。</span><br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">This is an ace idea! (最高のアイデアだね)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">英語、特に英会話では、最高や完璧という意味でaceが使われます。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">なぜaceがそのような意味になるのか?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">もう、気付いている人もいると思いますが、それはトランプ(ポーカー)で1番強いカードがAceだから。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">いやいや、ちょっとまって!!</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Jokerが最強なんじゃないの?</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">とお思いの方</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">本当のポーカーではババ使いませんのであしからず・</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">・</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">・</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">ということでAceは1番のようなニュアンスで使われます。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">和製英語っぽい野球でよく使われるエースも当然英語にある表現で</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>He is the ace of the pitching staff.</i></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>(彼がウチのエースだ。)</i></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">では、テニスのservice aceは?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">これもトランプのaceが由来になってます。service aceとは、サーブをした時に、相手が相手が返球できなかったサーブのことを指します。</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">返せないほど「すばらしい、完璧なサーブ」という意味で</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">service aceという言葉が使われるようになりました。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">この他にも最初に出した例文のように、人、物事や考え方に対して、完璧だね、1番だ、最高だねのようなニュアンスで使いたい時にこのaceが使えます。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">これまで紹介した例文は形容詞で使われる場合でしたが、aceの用法には動詞もあり、これも同じような意味で使われます。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>I aced the test yesterday.</i></span><br />
<i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">(</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">昨日のテストは完璧だった。)</span></i><br />
<br />
<div style="font-family: Times; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">aceの使い方わかりましたか?</span></div>
<div style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">それでは例文を用意したので瞬間英作文でaceの使い方を練習して下さい。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">1) 君が手に入れたカメラ、最高にいいやつだぜ!</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">2) このアルバム聞いたことある?これ最高にいいよ!</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">3) 私の料理は1番だよ!</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">4) 彼は最高のフットボール選手だ!</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">5) あの試験を完璧にできた人はいましたか? </span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">答え</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">1) That is an ace camera you’ve got!</span><br />
<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">2) Have you listened to this album? It’s ace! </span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">3) I’m ace at cooking!</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">4) He is an ace football player!</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">5) Did anyone ace that test?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Did you ace how to use "ace" ?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">1. 誰にだって間違いはある。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">2. 空のあの光は飛行機かもしれない。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">3. 本当にあの人がお父さんなの?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">4. 彼は奥さんと一緒にパーティーに来るかもしれません。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">5. 電話が鳴っている。たぶん父からだろう。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">6. それがたぶん一番よい解決策だろう。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">7. 彼は今忙しいだろうね。彼は宿題がたくさんあるからね。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">8. ロンドンの冬はとても寒いことがある。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">9. 飛行機が離陸する時、いくらか揺れるかもしれないね。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">10. あれが彼の家だろう。車庫に彼の車があるのが見えるから。</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">解説</span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><b>☆可能性を表すcan/could</b></u></span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">canのイメージは可能性</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">可能性を表すcanはイメージそのままである。</span></div>
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<i>“It can be quite cold here in winter” </i></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>(ここの冬は本当に寒くなることがあるよ。)</i></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">「ここ」の地理条件などから考えて本当に寒くなることがある(可能性)というニュアンスである。またこの場合は条件さえそろえば寒くなるのが実現しうるということなので、実際に寒くなることが時々あるという意味合いも含んでいる。</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><b><u><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;">☆推量を表すmay/might</span></u></b></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">mayのイメージは容認</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">「そうであってもいいんじゃない」という相手を容認する意味合いを含んでいる。</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>“This may or may not be true.”</i></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>(本当かもしれないし、本当じゃないかもしれない)</i></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">このようにmayが推量で使われる時はどっちの可能性もあるという場合に使われる。つまり、あってもなくてもおかしくないというようなゆるい状況を示すことがmayを使う時のポイントである。</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"><u><b>☆推測を表すwill</b></u></span></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">一般にwillのイメージは意思が有名だが、この場合は単純未来</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">will は未来の予測に関して最も一般的に使われる助動詞である。will を使った文は、その予測が起こる可能性がきわめて高いことを表す。しかしながら多くの場合、確信度を表す副詞や be, sure , think, wonder ,などの動詞を加えてその確信度合いを調節することができる。</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>“Maybe she will be at the party tomorrow.”</i></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>(たぶん、彼女は明日のパーティーに来るだろう。)</i></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">単純未来に確信度を表す副詞(maybe)やbeなどを共に用いることで、たぶん〜に来るだろうという推測の意味合いを持たしている。もし、“I will stop smorking”のように一人称で使われる場合には、禁煙するぞ!という意思のwillとなる。一人称で単純未来を使う場合は自らが決定できないような状況で使われ、die, haveなどを伴う</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">場合に限定される。</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">1. 誰にだって間違いはある。</span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"> Anybody can make mistakes.</span></div>
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canを用いることで、「〜はありうる」という可能性を示すことができる。</div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">2. 空のあの光は飛行機かもしれない。</span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"> The light in the sky could be a plane.</span></div>
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canは、「普通に考えて、状況的にありうる」という場合に用いるが、話し手が思っている可能性を表す時にはcouldを用いる。</div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">3. 本当にあの人がお父さんなの?</span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"> Can the man really be your father?</span></span></div>
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</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">「本当に〜なの?」のように強い疑問を表す時にはcanが用いられる。これは、「普通に考えて、状況的にありうるのか?」という意味合いを含んでおり、驚きや不信感を表す場合に使われる。canを用いると</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">「とてもそうはみえないけど、本当にお父さんなの?」という意味合いが含まれている。</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">4. 彼は奥さんと一緒にパーティーに来るかもしれません。</span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"> He may (might) come to the party with his wife.</span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">「〜一緒に来るかもしれない」という推量を表しているので、mayを用いる。mayとmightはほぼ同じ意味で使われるが、mightを使うとmayよりもやや可能性が低くなる。</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">5. 電話が鳴っている。たぶん父からだろう。</span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"> The telephone is ringing. It will be my father.</span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">「たぶん〜だろう」という話し手の推測を表しているのでwillを使う。</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">6. それがたぶん一番よい解決策だろう。</span></div>
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</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> That will (would) be the best solution.</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">wouldを使うとwillよりも控えめで丁寧な表現になる。また、確信はないがそうだと思うといった意味合いになる。なので、wouldを用いると「(確信はないけど)たぶん一番の解決策だろう」というニュアンスになる。</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">7. 彼は今忙しいだろうね。彼は宿題がたくさんあるからね。</span></span></div>
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</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> He will be busy now. He has a lot of homework.</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">「忙しいだろう」という話し手の推測なのでwill</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span>
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<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">8. ロンドンの冬はとても寒いことがある。</span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span>
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<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
</div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> Winter in London can be very cold.</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">可能性のcanを用いる。winterは最後にしてもok</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span></span>
<br />
<div style="font-family: Times; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">9. 飛行機が離陸する時、いくらか揺れるかもしれないね。</span></span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> You may feel some shaking when the plane take off.</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">推量のmay</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;">10. あれが彼の家だろう。車庫に彼の車があるのが見えるから。</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"> That will be his house. I can see his car in the garage.</span></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">推測のwill。 I canのcanは可能。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
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</script>pex5phttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17141963013587605341noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4672793574209543126.post-20112295874293922242013-10-05T00:39:00.002+09:002021-03-10T14:41:10.585+09:00開催する take placeとholdのニュアンスの違い、使い方<head>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">今、「開催される」と聞いて連想することって何ですか?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">日本人だったら、もちろんそれは</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">2020 Olympic is decided to <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;">take place</span> in Tokyo!! </span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">ですよね♪</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">「開催される」の意味で使われる英語は、take placeとhold</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">ではなぜそのような意味になるのか?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><b>take place</b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">takeのイメージは「何かを自分のところに取り込む」</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">placeを取り込むイメージで開催するとなる訳ですね。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">ちなみにこのtake place、英語ではhappenと同じ「起こる」という意味で使われてます。ただし、happenは偶然。それに対して、take placeは(重要な)予め決められた予定やイベントが起こるというニュアンスです。なので、take placeに和訳をつけるとすると「開催される」となるのです。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><b>hold</b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">holdのイメージは「(自分自身の力で)keepの状態にすること」</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">イベントなどをkeepした状態にする→開催する</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">take placeとのニュアンスの違いは自分が関与するものに使われること。つまり、(自分が出席または関与する)パーティーが開催される時には</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>The party is held in here today. </i></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i><br /></i></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">また、カジュアルな表現として</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">holdを使わずに、The party in on here today.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">とonを使うこともできます。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">客観的に開催されると使う時は「take place」、主観的に「hold」を使うのがニュアンス的に適してるんです。ただし、自分にとってものすごく重要なイベントはtake palceのほうが適している。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">ちなみに、文法的に解釈すると</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">take placeは他動詞、holdは自動詞</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">開催されると日本語でいうと受動的な意味合いになりますが、英語的には「その場所で開催する」になります。開催されるイベントを主語にする場合、他動詞のtakeを使う場合はそのまま使えますが、自動詞であるholdを使うときは、受け身(be held)となります。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">使い方とニュアンス解りましたか?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">それでは練習問題</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">1. オリンピックは4年おきに行われる。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">2. そのコンサートは来年の夏に催される。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">3. (自分が出席する)</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">ミーティングは毎週月曜日に開かれます。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">4. </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">明日、結婚パーティーが開かれる。</span><br />
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<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">1.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> オリンピックは4年おきに行われる。</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"> The Olympic Games take place at intervals of four years.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">定期的にすること、習慣、予め決まっている公なものは未来であっても現在で表現できる。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">2. </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">そのコンサートは来年の夏に催される。</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"> The concert will take place next summer.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">来年の夏という未来の出来事なのでwill</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">通常、コンサートが開かれるというのは客観的なことなのでtake placeを使うほうが適している。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">3. </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">(自分が出席する)</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">ミーティングは毎週月曜日に開かれます。</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"> Our meetings are held every Monday.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">自身が関与することなのでholdがベター。自動詞なので、受け身の形をとる。</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">TheやThat meetingでもよいが、自分が出席するので、Our~と表現するほうが英語らしい表現になる。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">4. </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">明日、結婚パーティーが開かれる。</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"> The wedding party (will) take place tomorrow.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">結婚式は重要なイベントなので、take placeを使うのがベター。ただのパーティならholdのほうがベター。</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">結婚式は、予め招待状をだしたりする公な予定なのでwillを使わなくてもOK</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
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</script>pex5phttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17141963013587605341noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4672793574209543126.post-1989814839789418082013-09-24T19:45:00.002+09:002021-03-10T14:41:44.102+09:00It's a shame (それは残念だね) 残念を表す英語の表現<head>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><b>It's a shame (それは残念だね)</b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">shameは「恥」という意味なので、いきなり“</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">It's a shame</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">”なんて言われたらちょっとショックですよね。でも、「この恥さらし」なんて意味では使われることはないのでご心配なさらずに</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">ではなぜ、shameが「残念」という意味になるのかですが</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">shameのイメージは「誇らしくない状態」</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">誇らしくない状態なので→恥ずかしい→残念</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">というニュアンスになります。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">It's a shame (that) you couldn't come.(君が来られなくて残念だよ)</span><br />
<div>
<br /></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">また、</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">What a shameを使って</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">What a shame you couldn't come!!と表現できます。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Whatを使うと</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">「君が来られなくて本当に残念だよ」と</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">「残念」が強調されるので、より残念な感じが伝えられる表現です。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">What a shameは、相手の受け答え時にも使われます。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>He couldn't come.</i></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>What a shame!</i></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i><br /></i></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i><br /></i></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i><br /></i></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">その他の表現として</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">That's a shameなんて言い方もあります。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">それでは「残念です」を表すその他の会話表現も一緒にチェックしましょう。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">I'm sorry ~</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>I'm sorry to hear that.(それは残念です。お気の毒に。)</i></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">That's a pity.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>It is a pity that the weather is bad.(天気が悪くて残念だ。)</i></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">例文のように、人に関係ない内容に残念だとつかう場合には問題ないが、pityは人を低く見下すような意味があるので、使う時は気をつけましょう。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">That's too bad.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">相手の話に対して、「それは残念だね」と言う場合に使う表現。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">その他にも色々とありますが、日常会話ならこれくらい使えれば十分だと思います。</span><br />
<div>
<br /></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">では、話を最初に戻して、shame=恥</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">「なんて恥なんだ(この恥さらし)」を英語でいうと?</span><br />
<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span>
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<div style="font-family: Times; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> It's shameful !</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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pex5phttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17141963013587605341noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4672793574209543126.post-70335428437469300102013-09-21T23:15:00.001+09:002021-03-10T14:42:52.921+09:00Let me see(ちょっと見せて、ええっと)の色々な場面で使える表現 「let me ~」の使い方 <head>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><b>Let me see. (ちょっと見せて、ちょっとかして、ええっと)</b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">様々な場面で気軽に使える表現 </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Let me see!!</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">I buy new watch.(新しい時計を買ったよ。)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Let me see (this)!(ちょっと見せて!)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Sure(いいよ!)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">I don't know how to solve this question.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><br />
<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">(この問題どうやって解けばいいのか分からないよ。)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Ok, let me see. (ちょっと見せて、かして)</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Letは使役動詞の一つ</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">使役動詞にはmake, let, haveがあり、〈使役動詞+目的語+動詞の原形〉で「〜を(O)にさせる」という意味になる。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Let me see. </span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">letは「許す」だから</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">「あたしに見せるのを許して」</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">→「ちょっと見せて」となるわけですね!</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">let me〜=私が〜するのを許して(許可して)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">この「let me〜」は様々な場面で使える便利な表現です。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">使役動詞がとか言うと何だか難しくて拒絶反応が出そうですが(笑)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">使い方は簡単!!</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">「相手に(自分が)〜させてほしいー」</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">と言いたい時に</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Let me 動詞の原形+(したいこと)を言えばOK</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>Let me explain my plan.(私の計画を説明させて下さい。)</i></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>Let me get you some coffee.(コーヒー取ってくるね。)</i></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>Let me hear from you. (私にご連絡ください。)</i></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>let me check.(ちょっとチェックさせて。)</i></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>Let me know.(知らせてね。)</i></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Let me seeには「ええっと、うーん、そうだねえ」などのちょっと待ってほしい時にも使います。「Well」なんかと似たような感じですね。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">seeは考えるや解るみたいな意味もあるので</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">「考えさせて下さい」→「(ちょっと)考えさせて」→「ええっと」</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">What do you think?(どう思う?)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">What are you going to do tonight?(今夜何をするの?)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">と突然聞かれたりした場合に、</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Let me see. (ええっとねー)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">と話始めたりするのに使います。 </span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">このLet me〜はかなり応用範囲が広く使える機会が多いので、これを覚えれば英語ができる気になること間違いなしですね!</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
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</script>pex5phttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17141963013587605341noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4672793574209543126.post-59064965654968630292013-09-18T23:23:00.001+09:002021-03-10T14:43:33.478+09:00助動詞 (6) 義務・忠告・命令を表す助動詞 should, ought to, had betterのニュアンスの違いとイメージ<head>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">1. あなたは毎日運動をすべきです。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">2. 我々はエネルギーを節約すべきだ。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">3. 彼らはあの子を家に1人にしとおくべきではない。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">4. その事件のことを警察に通報しなさい。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">5. 戻ったほうがいいよね。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">6. この秘密は誰にも言うなよ。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">7. 今すぐ病院に行くべきだ。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">8. 先生に助言を求めたほうがいいな。(主語はI)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">9. 親にそんな口のきき方をすべきではない。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">10. あの失敗のことは考えるなよ。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /><br />解説</span><br />
<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><b><u>☆義務・当然の行為を表すshould</u></b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">shouldは助動詞shallの過去形。</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">shallのイメージは「そうなる(自分の意志を超えた、運命的な力によって、必ずそうなる。)」</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">助動詞は過去形になると、過去のイメージ「(過去は〜だったけど)今は〜だ」のように仮定法的なニュアンスが含まれるようになる。これにより、本来持つ意味(ニュアンス)が弱くなり、例えば、Could (would) you~? のように丁寧な表現</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">(意味が弱くなったため)</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">になる。</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>You shall do this. (君はこれをしなければいけない。)</i></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>You should do this. (君はこれをすべきだよ。)</i></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">shallは単純未来を表す助動詞であるが、そうなる運命(自らの意思に関係なく)にあるといったニュアンスを含むので、shallを用いると「これをするのは、そうする運命である」という義務の含みを持つ意味になり、“君はこれをしなければならない”という訳になる。</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">これに対し、shouldはshallよりもニュアンスが弱いので、「運命とまではいわないけど、これをするのは当然じゃないの」という意味合いになり、“君はこれをすべきだ”という忠告を表す表現になる。</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><b><u>☆義務・当然の行為を表すought to</u></b></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">ought の語源は、動詞の owe 「負債を負う」の過去形 owed 。そこから、「(社会通念的に、倫理的に)負った負債を返すのが義務である」となり「(だからちゃんとやらないと大変なことになるから)〜 すべきだ」という意味合いを含む。</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><b><u>☆shouldとought toの使い方</u></b></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">shouldはそうしないとだめだよという軽い義務を含む忠告を表す表現であり、主観性のある表現に使われる。これは個人に対する忠告を表す表現である。それに対し、ought toは「倫理上(モラル上)やったほうがいい」という、つまり、「立場を考えて」という気持ち、あるいは「世間の手前を考えて」というような外的な根拠が入る客観的な表現である。なお、忠告で使う場合は、shouldよりも強い義務の意味で使われる。</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">should 「主観的」</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">ought to 「客観的」</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><b><u>☆忠告や命令を表すhad better</u></b></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">had betterのhadは仮定法からきている。つまり、「(本当は違うんだけど)〜したらいいのに」という意味合いを含む表現である。ただし、二人称(you)が主語の場合は、命令的な感じ(〜しなければならない)で使われ、目上の人が下に対して使う。</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;">1. あなたは毎日運動をすべきです。</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> You should get exercise every day.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">“運動をしたほうがいいよ”という忠告なので、shouldが適している。ought toを使った場合は、かなり強めの表現でmustに近い意味になる。</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;">2. 我々はエネルギーを節約すべきだ。</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> We ought to save energy. </span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">これは社会通念上や一般的な事実として、節約すべきだと言っているのでought to</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;">3. 彼らはあの子を家に1人にしとおくべきではない。</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> They ought not to leave that chil</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">d alone in the house. </span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">この状況を</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">想像して欲しい。もし、このことについて助言をするなら、多くの人が子どもを1人にすべきでないと言うはず。</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">shouldを用いた場合、「1人にしないほうがいいよ」という意味合いになるので、</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">子どもを家に1人にしとくべきでないと言いたい時は、「すべき」と強めの表現でought toを用いるのがbetter。</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">*否定形の場合には語順に注意 </span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">○ ought not to</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">× ought to not</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;">4. その事件のことを警察に通報しなさい。</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> You had better to report the accident to the police.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">通報しなさいと命令しているので、had betterを使う。</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">had betterは「〜したほうがいい」というニュアンスを含む表現であるが、二人称+had betterは命令的な強い表現になる。</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">5. 戻ったほうがいいね。</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> We'd better go back.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">〜したほうがいいと言っているのでhad betterを使う。</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;">6. この秘密は誰にも言うなよ。</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> You had better not tell this secret to anyone.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">誰にも言うなと命令しているので、had betterを用いる。</span></div>
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*否定文の場合は語順に注意する。</div>
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○ had better not </div>
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× had not better</div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;">7. 今すぐ病院に行くべきだ。</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> You should to go to the hospital right now.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">忠告なのでshouldを用いる。</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;">8. 先生に助言を求めたほうがいいな。(主語はI)</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> I had better ask the teacher for advice.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">〜したほうがいいと言っているので、had better</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">もし、Youが主語の場合は、助言を求めなさい!!という命令のニュアンスを含む意味になる。</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;">9. 親にそんな口のきき方をすべきではない。</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> You ought not to speak to your parents like that.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">そんな口のきき方をすべきでないと忠告する場合、かなり強い表現になるのでought toが適している。</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;">10. あの失敗のことは考えるなよ。</span></div>
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</div>
<div style="font-family: Times; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> You had not better think about that mistake. </span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">失敗のことは考えるなというかなり強い忠告なので、had betterを用いる。</span></div>
<br />
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<br />
<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">“That's pretty tough!”(それはとても難しいね)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span><br />
<div style="font-family: Times; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">口語でよく使われる表現「pretty」</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Times; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">みなさんのよく知っている「かわいい、可憐な」</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Times; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">これは形容詞として使われる時の意味です。</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Times; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Times; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">pretty toughで使われる場合は副詞で</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Times; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">意味は「かなり」=veryとほぼ同じ(厳密にはveryのほうが上)。</span></span></div>
<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">つまり、</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">That's pretty tough! はThat's very tough (difficult)!と言い換えできるんです。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">「それは、かわいいタフガイです」なんて訳さないで下さいね(笑)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">使う相手は友達など、フランクな相手がいいでしょう。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">とてもカジュアルな表現なので、目上の方には使わない方がいいです。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>ex)</i></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>I find studying for exams pretty tough.</i></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>I do 4 gym sessions a week which is pretty tough.</i></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">prettyはこの他にも</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">pretty good, pretty cold, pretty tiredなど様々な場面で使われます。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">ex)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">It's pretty cold this morning.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">The hotel was very good. I was pretty impressed.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">I have a pretty difficult class this afternoon. I find it very hard to understand the topic.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">prettyと並んで覚えたい表現が「fairly」</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">意味は「まあまあ、まずまず」 </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Pretty>fairly</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">“fairly tough” = not very tough and more tough(まあまあ難しい)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>ex)</i></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>The movie was fairly good, but I expected it to be a lot better.</i></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>The weather is fairly nice today, but yesterday was much better.</i></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i><br /></i></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i><br /></i></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">prettyとfairlyの使い方</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">解りましたか?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Which is your answer, learning English is pretty or fairly tough for you?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">1. あなたはそのミーティングに出席しなければならない。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">2. 私は夏休みについてのレポートを書かなければならなかった。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">3. 車の運転をするには免許を取らなければなりません。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">4. 来月には、この電球は取り替えなければならないでしょう。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">5. 私が彼に謝らないといけないの?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">6. 日本に来たらぜひ京都に行ってね。<br />
<br />
7. ぜひ遊びにきて下さい。<br />
<br />
8. ここではビールを飲んではいけない。<br />
<br />
9. ここでくつを脱ぐ必要はありません。<br />
<br />
10. 彼女はテストを受ける必要がない。<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
答えと解説<br />
<br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><b><u>義務・必要を表すmust</u></b></span><br />
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">mustの基本イメージは必然性</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">I must finish my home done by five.(5時までに宿題をやり終えなければならない)<br />助動詞のmustは、必然性をいう意味が根底にあるので、この場合、(理屈などから考えて)5時には宿題を終わらせないとダメだ、という含みを持つ。二人称、三人称で用いる場合は、You must attend the meeting.(会議には絶対参加しなきゃね)という必然性を伴った強い助言や勧告などの意味会いになる。<br />
<br />
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"><b><u>☆義務・必要を表すhave to</u></b></span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">haveの基本イメージは持つ(〜</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">を自分の空間やテリトリーに持つ)</span><br />
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">have to= 持つ+toの方向へ</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">→自分のテリトリー内に持つ(抱えている)+〜の方向へ</span><br />
<div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">→〜に向かって問題を抱えている</span></div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br />
「have to」は「〜しなければならない」というmustと同じ訳語が用いられるが、問題を抱えている状況なのでそれを解決しなければならない、という含みを持つ。<br />
<br />
<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"><u><b>☆mustとhave toの違い</b></u></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">mustは必然性なので、自発的にしたり、主観性をもつ。例えば、must item(絶対かわなきゃ、必須だよ)という言葉があるように、<u>自分からやらなきゃ、やりたいのような意味合いになる。</u>それに対し、have toは根底に「問題を抱えているので解決しなければならない」という意味合いがあるので、</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">周囲の状況など客観的な要素に基づいた義務を表す。</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">must=主観的</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">have to=客観的</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>I must go home now. (もう家に帰んなきゃ。)</i></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>→話し手は、自分の意志で帰りたい、帰らなきゃ、と思っている。</i></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i><br /></i></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>I have to go home now. </i></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>([帰りたくないんだけどねぇ]もう家にかえらなきゃね。)</i></span></div>
</div>
<i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">→話し手</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">の気持ちは関係なく、電車が無くなるとか、そういう外部の要因で、「しかたがないからね」という感覚がある。</span></i></div>
<div style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span></div>
</div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"><b><u>☆否定形 must notとdon't have toの違い</u></b></span><br />
must not(〜してはいけない)禁止<br />
don't have to(〜する必要はない)不必要<br />
<br />
mustは絶対にnotだという意味なので、禁止をあらわす。<br />
have toは「何かを抱えている+not」。つまり、抱えなくてもいいという意味合いになるので、不必要となる。<br />
<br />
<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"><u><b>☆その他 mustとhave toの使い分け</b></u></span><br />
mustは過去形がないので、過去はhad toを使う。また、willを伴った未来の表現は、助動詞は連続して使えないという英語のルールがあるので、will have toを使う。つまり、mustが</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">使えるのは、現在時制で表せる現在または未来の場合のみ。<br />
</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">1. あなたはそのミーティングに出席しなければならない。</span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
</div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"> You must attend the meeting.</span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">「あなたは出席しなければならない」と相手に義務や必要性を説いているので、これは、客観的に「会議にでないとね」というより、主観的に「会議にでなさい」のほうが適しているのでmustを用いる。</span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
2. 私は夏休みについてのレポートを書かなければならなかった。</div>
</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"> I had to write a report for my summer vacation.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
過去形なのでhad toを用いる</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<br /></div>
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
3. 車の運転をするには免許を取らなければなりません。</div>
</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> You have to get a license to drive a car.</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">このYouは「あなた」というよりは不特定多数の人を表す。この義務・必要は、客観的に「車の運転をするためには、免許をとることが必要だ」と言っているので、have toを用いる。</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"> </span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<br /></div>
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
4. 来月には、この電球は取り替えなければならないでしょう。</div>
</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> You'll have to replace the light bulb next month.</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">主観的に「この電球を取り替える必要がある」と言っているが、来月という未来を表すので、will have toを用いる。</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"> </span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;">5. 私が彼に謝らないといけないの?</span></div>
</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"> Must I apologize to him?</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
</div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
私が彼に謝るという主観的な表現なので、mustを用いる。疑問文はMustを先頭に出し文を作る。仮にhave toを用いた場合は Do I have~?となる。 </div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<br /></div>
</span></span><br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span></span>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;">6. 日本に来たらぜひ京都に行ってね。</span></span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"> You must go to Kyoto when you come to Japan.</span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">You mustで「ぜひ〜してね」という強い勧めや勧誘を表すことができる。強い勧めや勧誘は、自分からするものなので、当然、主観的な表現であるmustが使われる。</span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span></span>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;">7. ぜひ遊びにきて下さい。</span></div>
</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"> You must come and visit me.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<br /></div>
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
強い勧めや勧誘</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;">8. ここではビールを飲んではいけない。</span></div>
</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"> You mustn't drink beer in here.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<br /></div>
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
「ビールを飲んではいけない」と禁止を伝える表現なので、must notを用いる。</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;">9. ここでくつを脱ぐ必要はありません。</span></div>
</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"> You don't have to put off your shoes here.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
靴を脱ぐ必要はない(不必要) don't have toを用いる。</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<br /></div>
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;">10. 彼女はテストを受ける必要がない。</span></div>
</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> She doesn't have to take the test.</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br />
<br />
これも不必要を表す表現なので、have toの否定形を用いる。主語が三人称なので、doesn't have toとなる。<br />
<br />
</span></div>
</div>
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</script>pex5phttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17141963013587605341noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4672793574209543126.post-87990454160127185512013-09-09T20:48:00.002+09:002021-03-10T14:45:59.548+09:00助動詞 (4)依頼や提案を表す助動詞 Can you~, Will you~, Shall weのニュアンスの違いと使い方<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">1. 新聞を下さい。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">2. 窓を開けてもらえませんか?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">3. その本を貸していただけますか?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">4. もう50ドル、なんとか貸して頂けないでしょうか?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">5. 私の作ったケーキを食べてみませんか?</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">6. お座りになって下さい。(座らないのですか?)</span><br />
<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">7. 野球の試合をTVでみませんか?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">解説</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">依頼を表す「Can you~ ?」</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">canのイメージは可能性</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">「Can you wait here?」(ここで待っててもらえますか?)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">これは、ここで待ってもらっても可能ですか?というニュアンスを含んだ表現である。つまり、相手が待てるのか、待てないのかが解らないけど、待ってもらえますかとお願いしている。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">依頼を表す「Will you~ ?」</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">willのイメージは意思</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">「Will you pass the book?」(その本を取ってもらってもいい?)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Willは意思を表す助動詞である。「Will you~」と依頼する時は、〜するつもり(意思)はありますか?というニュアンスを含む。つまり、本文は、相手がどう考えているかは関係なく、その本を取ってくれる意思があるのかを聞いている。この表現は、〜する意思があるのか、ないのかを聞くニュアンスを含むため、上司が部下に命令口調で言ったりする場合もあるので、見知らぬ人よりも親しい間柄の人によく使われる表現である。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">提案を表すShall we</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">shallのイメージは単純未来(意思に関係のない未来、運命)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">「Shall we have a lunch?」(一緒にランチしませんか?)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Shallは単純未来を表す助動詞である。Shall we~ のShallはweにかかっており、私たちとランチに行く(未来は)ありますか?というニュアンスを含んでいる。つまり、shallはwillとは異なり、意思を聞いているのではないので、willを使った場合よりも気さくな聞き方になる。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Times; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">1. 新聞を下さい。</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Times; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> Can I have a newspaper, please?</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">「Can I~ ?」は、“〜してもいいですか” という相手の許可を得る時に使う表現であるが、「Can I have~ ?」と尋ねる場合は、「〜を下さい、使わせて下さい」という相手に〜を頼む表現になる。似た会話表現で「Do you have~ ?」というものがあり、「Do you have a bathroom?」と聞けば、“トイレを貸してもらえませんか” という意味になる。</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">助動詞 (3) 許可を表す助動詞 注意すべきCan I, May I, Shall Iの違いと使い方</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><a href="http://pex5p.blogspot.jp/2013/09/3can-may-shall.html" target="_blank"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;">http://pex5p.blogspot.jp/2013/09/3can-may-shall.html</span></a></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">2. 窓を開けてもらえませんか?</span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> Can you open the window?</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">本文ではwillではなくcanの方を用いたほうが良いと考えられる</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">。この両者の違いは、canが可能性、willが意思を聞くことである。Willで聞く場合、開ける意思はありますのか?となり、ちょっと上から目線で窓を開けてとお願いするニュアンスになる。</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">一方、Canは、窓を開けられますか?と相手にその可能性はあるのかを聞いている。Can youのほうが人やシチュエーションを選ばないので、回答にはCan you を用いた。ただし、親しい人に「ちょっと窓開けてよ」と言う場合にはWill youでOK。</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">3. その本を貸していただけますか?</span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> Could you rend me the book?</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Canを用いたのは、可能性を聞いたほうが自然だから。意思を聞いてるとすると、ちょっと横柄な言い方に感じられる。</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">*canの過去形、couldを用いて「Could you~</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">」とお願いするとより丁寧な表現になる。知らない人に頼む時には、Could youで聞くのがベター!!</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">4. もう50ドル、なんとか貸して頂けないでしょうか?</span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> Could you possible rend me another fifty dollars. </span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">本文では“なんとか〜して頂けないでしょうか” と、より丁寧な言い回しをしている。こういう場合は「Could you possible~ ?」とpossibleを付け足すことで、より丁寧な表現になる。</span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span>
<div style="font-family: Times; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">5. 私の作ったケーキを食べてみませんか?</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span></span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> Will you try my cake?</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">ケーキを食べませんか? 通常、相手に何かを勧める時は、食べて欲しいから勧めているわけである。つまり、このような場合には、食べてくれますか(可能性)よりも、食べたいですか(意思)のほうが適切である。よって本文ではwillを使う方が自然な言い方である。</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><br />
<div style="font-family: Times; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">6. お座りになって下さい。(座らないのですか?)</span></span></div>
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</span>
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</span>
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<div style="font-family: Times; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> Won't you have a seat?</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">目の前に席があって、“座らないのですか” と聞く場合、座る可能性はありますか、と聞くよりも、座る意思がありますか?と尋ねたほうが自然である。よってwillを用いたほうが適切である。</span></div>
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<div style="font-family: Times; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">7. 野球の試合をTVでみませんか?</span></span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span></span>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> Shall we watch the baseball game on TV?</span></span></span></div>
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</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
“一緒に〜しませんか?” と提案する場合はShall we~ と尋ねる。仮にWill you~ with us?でもほぼ同じ和訳になるが、Willを用いると、見る意思はあるのか?と尋ねることになる。気軽に誘う場合には、Shall weを使うのが最適。</span><br />
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</script>pex5phttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17141963013587605341noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4672793574209543126.post-82756292787586835352013-09-08T21:46:00.001+09:002013-10-30T14:55:40.652+09:002020年 東京オリンピック 五輪招致 最終プレゼン 安倍総理のスピーチ(同時通訳なし動画と英語スクリプト)<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">2020東京オリンピック決まりましたね!!</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">ニュースでは、最終プレゼンの安倍総理のスピーチが効果的だったとか。そこで、今回は番外編。安倍総理のプレゼンで英語の勉強をしましょう!!</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">安倍総理の英語は、いわゆるJapanese accentでしたが、とっても楽しく、解りやすく、魅力的なスピーチでした。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">今回は、動画と英語スクリプトだけです。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">和訳はありません</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">理由は、安倍総理は、世界中の人々やIOC評価委員のために、英語でスピーチしたものだから。世界中の人々の中には、もちろん日本人も含まれています。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">つまり、これは自分の和訳が正しいとか関係ないんです。</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">英語で理解する。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">これが大事だと思うんです。</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">You can!!</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">英語の動画(使いやすい方を使って下さい)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.news24.jp/articles/2013/03/04/07224191.html#" target="_blank">http://www.news24.jp/articles/2013/03/04/07224191.html#</a></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.nicovideo.jp/watch/sm20245114" target="_blank">http://www.nicovideo.jp/watch/sm20245114</a></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Mister President, distinguished members of the IOC...</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">It would be a tremendous honour for us to host the Games in 2020 in Tokyo – one of the safest cities in the world, now... and in 2020.</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Some may have concerns about Fukushima. Let me assure you, </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">the situation is under control. </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">It has never done and will never do any damage to Tokyo. I can also say that, from a new stadium that will look like no other to confirmed financing, Tokyo 2020 will offer guaranteed delivery.</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">I am here today with a message that is even more important. We in Japan are true believers in the Olympic Movement. I, myself, am just one example.</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">When I entered college in 1973, I began practicing archery. Can you guess why? The year before, in Munich, archery returned as an Olympic event after a long time.</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">My love of the Olympic Games was already well-established. When I close my eyes vivid scenes from the Opening Ceremony in Tokyo in 1964 come back to me. Several thousand doves, all set free at once. High up in the deep blue sky, five jet planes making the Olympic rings. All amazing to me, only 10 years old.</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">We in Japan learned that sports connect the world. And sports give an equal chance to everyone. The Olympic spirit also taught us that legacy is not just about buildings, not even about national projects. It is about global vision and investment in people.</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">So, the very next year, Japan made a volunteer organization and began spreading the message of sports far and wide. Young Japanese, as many as three thousand, have worked as sports instructors in over 80 countries to date. And they have touched the hearts of well over a million people through their work.</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Distinguished members of the IOC, I say that choosing Tokyo 2020 means choosing a new, powerful booster for the Olympic Movement.</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Under our new plan, "Sport for Tomorrow," young Japanese will go out into the world in even larger numbers. They will help build schools, bring in equipment, and create sports education programs. And by the time the Olympic torch reaches Tokyo in 2020, they will bring the joy of sports directly to ten million people in over one hundred countries.</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Choose Tokyo today and you choose a nation that is a passionate,</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">proud, and a strong believer in the Olympic Movement. </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">And which strongly desires to work together with the IOC in order to make the world a better place through the power of sport.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> </span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">We are ready to work with you. Thank you very much.</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">1. チケットがあれば、入場できます。</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">2. ここに駐車してはいけません。</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">3. ラジオをつけてもいいですか? つけないでもらえますか。</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">4. 電話をお借りしてもいいですか? はいどうぞ。</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">5. 必要なら私の自転車を使ってもいいですよ。</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">6. 個人的な質問をしてもよろしいでしょうか? はい、どうぞ。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">7. 生徒はこれらのパソコンを使ってはいけません。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">8. ベルが鳴った後なら、教室を出てもよい。</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">9. お茶をいれましょうか?</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">10. そのチケットをあげましょうか?</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">解説</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><b><i><u>☆許可を表すcan</u></i></b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">canの基本イメージは可能。</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">「You can read my book.」(私の本を読んでもいいよ。)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">これは、“この本、読みたいなら読んでもいいよ”という含みを持つ表現であり、相手に決定してもらうイメージで使われる。つまり、自分の意思ではなく、相手に決定を委ねて、その可能性があるかどうかというニュアンスの表現である。</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><b><i><u>☆許可を表すmay</u></i></b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">mayの基本イメージは容認。</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">「You may come in if you wish.」(君がそうしたいなら入ってもよろしい。)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">これは、“やりたいならやってもいいし、やらなくても構わない”、したいならすればいいというイメージを持って話す時に用いられる。注意しなければならないのは、この表現は「上から目線」で「やっても文句はいわないぞ」という気持ちを表す時に使うので、立場が上の人(先生や親など)が子どもや生徒達に対して使う表現であって、同程度や目上の人に使う表現ではない。</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><b><i><u>☆相手の意向を尋ねるShall</u></i></b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">疑問形でshallを使う時のイメージは提案</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">What shall I do? 「何をしたらいいですか?」</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">can, may の許可ではなく提案。自分が〜しましょうか?と自分がすることを相手に申し出る時に使う。</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><b><i><u>☆Can I〜, May I〜, Shall I〜の違い(〜 I help youを例に )</u></i></b></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Can I help you?</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">「お手伝いして差し上げましょうか?」</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">友人・知人に対してでも、道で出会った知らない人に対してでも使える。困っている人に手助けする手を差し伸べるときに使う。また、困っていなくても、手伝ってあげることにより相手が楽になるような場合にも可。</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">May I help you?</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">「あなたさまのお手伝いをさせていただいてよろしいでしょうか?」</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">サービスを提供する側の人(たとえば、店員)がサービスを受け取る側の人(つまり、客)に向かって使う言い方。この言い方は、客が店に入ったとたんに言われるのではなく、店員の方が客に近づいて来てから、「お客さま、御用はなんなりとお言いつけください。」というニュアンスで使われる。</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Shall I help you?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">「手伝いますよ。」「手伝おうか?」</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">知らない人同士の間ではあまり使わない。手伝いが必要そうな人に自ら進んで手伝いますよ、と言う時に使われる表現。</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">1. チケットがあれば、入場できます。</span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> You can enter if you have a ticket</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">「〜してもよい」という許可を表すのに口語ではcanが用いられる。canを用いることで、「チケットをもっているのなら、入場してもいいよ(可能)」という意味合いになる。</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">2. ここに駐車してはいけません。</span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> You can't park your car here.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">「〜してはいけない」不許可を表す時は、can't [cannot]を使う。</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">3. ラジオをつけてもいいですか? つけないでもらえますか。</span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> Can I turn on a radio? I'm afraid you can't.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">ラジオをつけてもいいですか?と許可を求めているので、相手に許可を求める表現「Can I〜」を使う。</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">「Can I〜 ?」の答え方</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">“はい、どうぞ”と答える場合には、Yes, of couse (you can 口語の時は省略), Yes, please, Sure などを用いる。</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">“しないで下さい”と答える場合には、I'm afraid you can't, I'm sorry, you can'tなどを用いる。</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">4. 電話をお借りしてもいいですか? はいどうぞ。</span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> Could I use your telephone? Yes, of course (you can). </span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">許可を求めているのcanを使う。この場合、“お借りしても”と丁寧な言い回しなので、canの過去形「Could I〜」を使うのが望ましい。</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">「Could I〜」</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">と聞くとより丁寧な表現になる。知らない相手に対しては、Could を使ったほうがベター。</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">5. 必要なら私の自転車を使ってもいいですよ。</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> You can use my bicycle if you need it.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">必要なら、使ってもいいですよ</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">→相手に判断を委ねる形で許可しているので、canを使う。</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">6. 個人的な質問をしてもよろしいでしょうか? はい、どうぞ。</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> May I ask you a personal question? Sure.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">「〜してもよろしいですか?」と丁寧に相手の許可を求めているので、「May I〜?」を回答に用いたが、May I 〜という表現は、堅苦しいので、Can I〜を使うのが一般的である。また、答え方であるが、Yes, you mayと返信すると、子どもや立場が下の人に許可する感じを与えてしまうので、Can I〜?の時と同じ表現で答えた方がよい。 </span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">7. 生徒はこれらのパソコンを使ってはいけません。</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> Students may not use these computers.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">先生が生徒に対して、パソコンを使ってはいけないと不許可を伝えているので、canではなくmayを使う。</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;">8. ベルが鳴った後なら、教室を出てもよい。</span></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"> You may leave the classroom after the bell rings.</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">この場合、先生が生徒に対して、教室を出てもよいと言ってるので、許可を表すmayを使う。</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">9. お茶をいれましょうか?</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> Shall I make some tea?</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">(自分が相手に対して)お茶をいれましょうか?と申し出ているので、「Shall I〜?」を使って表す。この</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">「Shall I〜?」は「</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">Do you want me to〜?」と同じ意味である。</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">10. そのチケットをあげましょうか?</span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> Shall I give you the ticket?</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">(自分が相手に対して)チケットをあげましょうか?と申し出ているので、</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">「Shall I〜?」を使って表す。</span><br />
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</script>pex5phttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17141963013587605341noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4672793574209543126.post-84525745013756585492013-09-03T22:29:00.002+09:002021-03-10T14:48:03.483+09:00助動詞 (2) canとbe able toのニュアンス違いと使い方<head>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">1. 彼は日本語を話すことはできるが、書くことはできない。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">2. 明日の朝なら会えるよ。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">3. あなたはすぐに泳げるようになるでしょう。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">4. 彼女は5歳でピアノが弾けた。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">5. 昨日、200メートル泳ぐことができた。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">6. 私のサイフはどこにも見当たらなかった。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">7. 私なら映画の席を2つ予約できたのに。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">8. 君ならすぐに自転車に乗れるようになるよ。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">9. 今朝、部屋の鍵をみつけることができなかった。</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">答えと解説</span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><b><i><u>☆「能力・可能」を表す。can/be able to</u></i></b></span></span></div>
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「can」の基本イメージは可能性</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">「理屈などから考えて〜できる」</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">「その気になれば〜実行できる」</span></span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><b>canが表す意味</b></u></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">I can run fast.(早く走れるよ)</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">その気になれば走れるという「実行できる可能性」</span></span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">She can speak German.(彼女はドイツ語を話せる)</span></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">ドイツ語の知識があるから話せるという含みがある</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Times; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Times; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">どちらの文も実際にやっている「行為や動作」ではなく、可能であるという言い手のイメージである。</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Times; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Times; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">否定文の場合は、「やろうとしても、能力的、知識不足で出来ない」という意味になるので、He can't answer the question. は「(答えようと頑張っても)彼はその質問に答えられない」と</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">いうニュアンスを含む意味になる。</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Times; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Times; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><b><u>【be able to】</u></b></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">ただ能力を備えているだけではなくて、「(実際に)~することができる(または、できたこと)こと」を表す。これより、</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">過去に1回できたことは、was able toで表す。ただし、否定文または、過去にできたと言う場合には、どちらを使ってもよい。また、永続的にできる、というニュアンスの場合はcan/couldを用いる。</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">I could pass the test yesterday.(×)</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">I was able to pass the test yesterday.(○)</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><b><u>【canとbe able toを使った時のニュアンスの違い】</u></b></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">canのイメージは「可能」、つまり、I canとは、“(能力があるから)できるよ”という自分で判断する主観的な表現である。これに対して、</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">be able toは、canの持つ可能性という意味合いがなく、実際にできるという意味だけである。つまり、I'm able to〜といえば「実際にできるよ」という客観的な意味合いを含むことになる。</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">I can’t go to the meeting. (自分で判断できる、客観的)</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">I won’t be able to go to the meeting. (自分ではなく、客観的に判断)</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">can は主観的であるから、「会議に行くのは無理です」という中に多少であるが「行きたくない」というニュアンスが含まれる。</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">これに対して be able to は時間や物理的に行くことが困難であるから無理だという意味合いになる。</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="font-family: Times; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">1. 彼は日本語を話すことはできるが、書くことはできない。</span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> He can speak Japanese but he can't(cannot) write it.</span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">canは「〜することが出来る</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">」という現在の能力を表し、技術や知識を身につけている、やり方を知っている、という場合に用いられる。be able to でも表現可能であるが、canを用いるのが一般的。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Times; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">2. 明日の朝なら会えるよ。</span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">I can see you tomorrow morning.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">可能性のcan 「朝なら会える」可能性があるという含みを持つ</span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span>
<br />
<div style="font-family: Times; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">3. あなたはすぐに泳げるようになるでしょう。</span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"> You will be able to swim as.</span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">通常、可能を表す時にはcanを用いるが、未来のことはwill be able toで表す。これは英語のルールで助動詞が連続して並ぶことが禁止されているためであり、will can のような表現はできない。その場合には代わりの表現で(この場合はbe able to)代用する。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span>
<br />
<div style="font-family: Times; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">4. 彼女は5歳でピアノが弾けた。</span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"> She could play the piano at five.</span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<br />
5歳でピアノが弾けた→過去において〜する能力があった。</div>
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">canの過去形「could」を用いる。またwas able toでも可。</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<br />
<br />
<br /></div>
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><div style="font-family: Times; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">5. 昨日、200メートル泳ぐことができた。</span></div>
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"> I was able to swim 200 meters yesterday.</span><br />
<br />
過去の1回「(実際に)〜することができた」という意味なので、was able toを用いる。<br />
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<br /></div>
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<br />
<br /></div>
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><div style="font-family: Times; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">6. 私のサイフはどこにも見当たらなかった。</span></div>
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"> I couldn't (wasn't able to) find my wallet anywhere.</span><br />
<br />
(過去の1回)サイフを探したけれど見つからなかった。と解釈できるが、「行為、動作」を達成できなかった時(否定文の時)はどちらでもよい。<br />
<br />
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<br /></div>
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><div style="font-family: Times; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">7. 私なら映画の席を2つ予約できたのに。</span></div>
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"> I was able to reserve two seats for the movie.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<br />
映画の席を予約できたという過去の1回の行為を言っているので、客観的な視点で使われるwas able toを用いる。<br />
<br />
<br />
<br /></div>
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><div style="font-family: Times; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">8. 君ならすぐに自転車に乗れるようになるよ。</span></div>
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"> You will be able to ride a bicycle soon.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<br />
すぐに乗れるようになるよ(未来の可能性)<br />
助動詞は連続して使えないので、will be able toで表す。<br />
<br />
<br />
<br /></div>
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">9. 今朝、部屋の鍵をみつけることができなかった。</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> I couldn't find the room key this morning.</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">否定文なので、could, was able to どちらを用いてもよい。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">ただし、人に話す時には伝わるニュアンスが違う。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">could(あったかもしれないけど、見つからないからあきらめた。)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">be able to (部屋の隅々まで探したんだけど、本当に見つからなかった。)</span><br />
<br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><b><i><u>☆なぜ助動詞があるのか?</u></i></b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">2つの例文を見てみよう</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">① He runs very fast.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">② He can run very fast.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">違いは、助動詞「can」を使っているかどうかであるが、大事なのは「can」があることによって、どのような違いが生まれるのかである。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">① He runs very fast.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">この文は「彼は走りがとても早い」という意味であるが、重要なのは、彼が早いという事実である。つまり、話し手が実際に彼の走る姿を見たことがあり、事実として足が早いという意味になる。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">それに対して</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><br />
<div style="font-family: Times; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">② He can run very fast.</span></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">助動詞「can」を用いることによって、彼の持つ「能力」の話になる。つまり、話し手は「彼はとても早く走ることができる(能力がある)。」と話しているのである。</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">この場合、①の文との違いは、実際に「走く走ろうと思えば、とても早く走ることができる」という彼の能力についての話であって、「実際に走るかどうか」ということは問題ではない。</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">つまり、助動詞を使うことによって、現実や事実そのものではなく、話し手の頭の中で「できる、ありえる、そうしなくてはならない」などと考えていることを表すことができる。</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><b><i><u><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;">☆助動詞が持つイメージ</span></u></i></b></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">代表的な4つの助動詞のイメージをまとめた。</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">can</span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">基本のイメージは「可能性」</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><br />
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">〜することが可能である、〜が起こる可能性がある</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">may</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">基本のイメージは「容認」</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">〜であっても別にかまわない、〜であってもおかしくない</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">must</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">基本イメージは「必然性」</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">必ず〜に決まっている、〜でなくてはおかしい</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">should</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">基本のイメージは「正当性」</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">本来〜であるのが正しい、〜であって当然だ</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><b><i><u><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;">☆助動詞の使い分け</span></u></i></b></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">助動詞には、それぞれ基本的なイメージがあり、そこから様々な意味が生まれる。助動詞をうまく使いこなすためには、助動詞のイメージから生まれる意味を考えながら覚えるのが近道である。また、助動詞は日本語に訳すと似た意味になることがあるが、その場合は、助動詞が持つ意味を考えれば、その状況や事柄をうまく使いこなせるようになる。</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">例えば</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">「彼はもう家に帰ったよ。」(事実)</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">He have been home by now.</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">同じ”彼が家に帰ったよ”という場合でも、話し手によっては、色々な考えであったり、シチュエーションに応じて事実に対して様々なイメージを持つ。それを表現するのが、助動詞である。</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">例えば、</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">「(事実の裏付けはないが)家に帰ったのは間違いない」</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">He <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;">must</span> be home by now.</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">「(本当はそのはずなんだけど、)彼は家に帰ったはずだ」</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">He <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;">should</span> be home by now.</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">「(たぶん)彼は家に帰ったと思う」</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">He <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;">may</span> be home by now.</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">このように、訳語は似ているが、全く異なる話し手のイメージをうまく伝えるのが助動詞の働きである。つまり、助動詞を理解するためには、場面や意味に応じた使い分けを確認しながら理解していくのが近道といえる。</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">1. 彼は疲れていると思う。</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">2. 彼は疲れていると思った。</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">3. 彼らが結婚したことを知っている。</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">4. 彼らが結婚したことを知っていた。</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">5. 彼は遅れてくると思う。</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">6. 彼は遅れてくると思っていた。</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">7. 私たちは水が100℃で沸騰すると習った。</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">8. 彼女は毎朝ジョギングをしていると言った。</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">9. ジムは彼の奥さんの目はブルーだと言った。</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">10. 私はそのお寺が1900年に建てられたことを知っていた。</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">11. 彼は来年ロンドンに行くと言った。</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<div style="font-family: Times;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">12. 彼はその翌年にロンドンに行くと言った。</span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span>
<br />
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span>
<br />
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span>
<br />
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">解説</span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span>
<br />
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span>
<br />
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u><b><i>☆時制の一致</i></b></u></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span>
<br />
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">that節などの従属節の動詞の時制は、主節の動詞の時制との関係で決まる。つまり、that節の時制は、主節の時制によって決められる。</span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span>
<br />
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span>
<br />
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">例として</span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">①同じ時点のことを「〜する/〜した」</span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">②過去のことを </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">「〜する/〜した」</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">②未来のことを </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">「〜する/〜した」</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> </span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span>
<br />
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span>
<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">1. 彼は疲れていると思う。</span></div>
<div>
<div style="display: inline !important;">
</div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> I think he is tired.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"> </span></span><br />
<div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span></span>
<br />
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> 私が思う(主節)</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u> 彼は疲れている(that節)</u></span></div>
</div>
</div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">時間軸 「過去」 「今」</span><br />
<div style="display: inline !important;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> </span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
私が思う(今)</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><br />
<div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span>
</span><br />
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">彼は疲れている(今)</span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span>
</span><br />
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span>
</span><br />
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">私が思う、その時点の時制は現在形である。この時、彼が疲れているのだから、that節の時制も現在である。従って、どちらの節も現在形で表す。</span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span>
</span><br />
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span></span></div>
</div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;">2. </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">彼は疲れていると思った。</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> I thought he was tired.</span></div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"> </span></span><br />
<div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span></span></div>
</div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> 私が思った(主節)</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> <u> 彼は疲れている(that節) </u></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">時間軸 「過去」 「今」</span></div>
<div>
<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span>
<br />
<div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span></span></div>
</div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">私が思った(過去)</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">彼は疲れている(私が思った時なので過去)</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">私が思った(過去)時点で彼は疲れていた</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">のだから単純に過去形で表せばいい。</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><br />
<div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span></span><br />
<div>
<br /></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span></span></div>
</div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;">3. </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">彼らが結婚したことを知っている。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> I know they were married.</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u> 彼らが結婚したこと(that節) 私は</u></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u>知っている(主節)</u></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">時間軸 「過去」 「今」</span><br />
<div style="display: inline !important;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span></span>
<br />
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">私は知っている(今) </span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span></span></div>
</div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">彼らが結婚したこと(過去)</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><br />
<div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span>
</span><br />
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">現在からみて、過去のことを話しているので、that節は過去形でよい。</span></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span></span>
<br />
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span></span></div>
</div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;">4. </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">彼らが結婚したことを知っていた。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> I knew they had got married.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span></span></div>
</div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span>
<br />
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u> 彼らが結婚したこと(that節) 私は</u></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u>知っていた(主節)</u></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">時間軸 私が知った時よりもさらに過去 ←「過去」</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> </span><br />
<div style="display: inline !important;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">私は知っていた(過去) </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span></span></div>
</div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">彼らが結婚したこと(さらに過去)</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">この場合は、「過去」からさらに過去の結果を話すのだから、過去完了形で表す。</span></div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span></span>
<br />
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span></span>
<br />
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span></span></div>
</div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;">5. </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">彼は遅れてくると思う。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> I think he will be late.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> <u>私は思う</u></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u>(主節) </u></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u>彼は遅れてくる(that節)</u></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">時間軸 (今) → (未来) </span></div>
<div>
<div style="display: inline !important;">
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> </span></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span>
<br />
<div style="display: inline !important;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">私は思う(今)</span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">彼は遅れてくる(私が思っている時よりも未来の出来事)</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">that節の彼が遅れてくる(未来)は単純に未来形で表せばいい。</span><br />
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><br />
<div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
</div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><br />
<div>
<div>
<br />
<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span></span></div>
</div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;">6. </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">彼は遅れてくると思っていた。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> I thought he would be late.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u> 私は思った</u></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u>(主節) </u></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u>彼は遅れてくる(that節)</u></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">時間軸 (過去)→ (私が思った時よりも先のこと) </span><br />
<div style="display: inline !important;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
</div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span>
<br />
<div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">私は思った</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">(過去)</span></div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">彼は遅れてくる(私が思った時点よりも先の出来事)</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">この場合、「彼が遅れてくる」のは、「私が思った(過去)」よりも(未来)のことである。過去から見た未来は、willの過去形 wouldを用いる。</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><br />
<div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span></span><br />
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span></span>
<br />
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span></span>
<br />
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i><u><b>☆時制の一致をしなくてもいい表現</b></u></i></span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span></span>
<br />
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">主節の動詞が過去形であっても、時制の一致を受けない場合がある。</span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span></span>
<br />
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">①一般的な事実や心理を表す時</span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span></span>
<br />
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">②現在も繰り返し行われている動作や習慣</span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span></span>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">③現在も変わらない事柄や性質</span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br />
<br /></div>
</span></span></div>
</div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;">7. </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">私たちは水が100℃で沸騰すると習った。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> We learned that water boils at 100 degrees.</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span></span>
<br />
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">私たちが習った(主節) 過去</span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span></span>
<br />
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">水が沸騰する(that節) 一般的な事実</span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span></span>
<br />
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span></span>
<br />
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">水が100℃で沸騰することは、一般的な事実である。よって今回のように主節の動詞が過去形であっても、that節の動詞は現在形で表さなければならない。</span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span></span>
<br />
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span></span>
<br />
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>参考 動詞と時制、現在形のトレーニング</i></span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span></span>
<br />
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>例文 8,9</i> <a href="http://pex5p.blogspot.jp/2013/08/blog-post_3.html" target="_blank">http://pex5p.blogspot.jp/2013/08/blog-post_3.html</a></span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span></span>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
<div>
<br />
<br />
<br /></div>
</span></span></div>
</div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;">8. </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">彼女は毎朝ジョギングをしていると言った。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> She said that she goes jogging every morning.</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span></span>
<br />
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">彼女は言った(主節)過去</span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span></span>
<br />
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">毎朝ジョギングしている。(that節)習慣</span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span></span>
<br />
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span></span>
<br />
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">彼女が言ったのは(過去)である。当然、毎朝、ジョギングしているのも過去の動作である。しかし、“毎朝ジョギングすること” は繰り返し行われる動作、習慣であるので、このような場合は、現在形で表す。</span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span></span>
<br />
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span></span></div>
</div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>参考 動詞と時制、現在形のトレーニング</i></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><br />
<div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><br /></span>
<br />
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">例文 7 <a href="http://pex5p.blogspot.jp/2013/08/blog-post_3.html" target="_blank">http://pex5p.blogspot.jp/2013/08/blog-post_3.html</a></span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span></span></div>
</div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span>
<br />
<div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><br /></span>
<br />
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span>
</span><br />
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span></span></div>
</div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;">9. </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">ジムは彼の奥さんの目はブルーだと言った。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> Jim said that his wife has blue eyes.</span></div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span></span>
<br />
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">ジムは言った(主節) 過去</span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span></span>
<br />
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">奥さんの目がブルーなこと(that節)性質</span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span></span>
<br />
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span></span>
<br />
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">奥さんの目がブルーなのは、奥さんが持っている「性質」、言い換えれば、奥さんが持っている普遍的な事実といえる。この様なときは、主節の動詞が過去形であっても、that節の動詞の時制は現在形であらわす。</span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span></span>
<br />
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span></span></div>
</div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>参考 体の特徴を言うときは、S+have+体の特徴 で表す。</i></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>She has long hair.(彼女は髪が長い)</i></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>He has a beard (彼はひげがある)</i></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><br />
<div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
</div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span>
<br />
<div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><br /></span>
<br />
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span></span>
<br />
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span></span></div>
</div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;">10. </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">私はそのお寺が1900年に建てられたことを知っていた。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> I knew that the temple was built in 1900.</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div>
<div style="display: inline !important;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> <u> お寺が建った(that節) 私は</u></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u>知っていた(主節)</u></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">時間軸 さらに過去(1990) ←(過去)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">私は</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">知っていた(過去)</span></div>
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">お寺が経った(さらに過去)</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">お寺が建ったのは、私が知った時点よりも過去になるので、通常、過去分詞で表すが、「歴史上の事実」や「明らかに過去とわかるような事柄」は、時制に関係なく過去形のままで表す。このような場合、主語とは、まったく関係のない事柄や事実である。つまり、that節は、主節に影響を受ける事柄ではないので、時制の影響を受けない。従って、過去形で表すのが自然である。もし、関係があるのであれば、主節の時制の影響を受ける。</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><br />
<div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span></span></div>
</div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span></div>
<div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">11. </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">彼は来年ロンドンに行くと言った。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> He said that he will go to London next year.</span></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u>彼は行った(主節) 来年、ロンドンに行く</u></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u>(that節)</u></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">時間軸 (過去) → (先の事)</span><br />
<div style="display: inline !important;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> </span></div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span></div>
<div>
<div style="display: inline !important;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">彼は言った</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">(過去)</span></div>
</div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">来年、ロンドンに行く</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">(未来)</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">過去から見た未来が、現在においても未来の事柄や事実であれば、wouldではなくwillを用いて表現する。</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><br />
<div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span></span><br />
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> </span></div>
</div>
</div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;">12. </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">彼はその翌年にロンドンに行くと言った。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"> He said that he would go to London the next year.</span></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u>彼は言った</u></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u>(主節) 翌年ロンドンに行く</u></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><u>(that節)</u></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">時間軸 (過去) → (先の事)</span><br />
<div style="display: inline !important;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">彼は言った(過去)</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">翌年ロンドンに行く(彼が言った時点よりも先の出来事)</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">過去の時点(彼は言った)から見れば未来の出来事であるが、この文では、現在の時点で、彼がすでにロンドンに行ったのか、行ってないのかはわからない。この表現では、現在から見て未来の出来事とは言えないのでwouldを用いるのが自然である。また、その翌年(特定の年)に行くのでtheをつけてthe next yearとなる。単純に来年であればnext yearでよい。</span></div>
</div>
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</script>pex5phttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17141963013587605341noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4672793574209543126.post-40339278190743414442013-08-25T18:10:00.001+09:002021-03-10T14:50:50.538+09:00よく使われる英会話のフレーズ「I'm so excited」わくわくするね!の使い方を文法的に理解しよう♪<head>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: large;">I'm so excited.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">これは、興奮した状態で、「わくわくするね」、「どきどきが止まらない」なんていうニュアンスを表す表現です。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">I'm so excited. 文法的にみると、これは、<be+過去分詞></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">この形は、受動態ですね。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">受動態は、「される側」を主語にするので</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">“私はexciteされた。”</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">→“私はexciteしている” となり、</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">さらに「so」で強調されるので、「わくわくするね」とか</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">「どきどきが止まらない」なんてニュアンスになるんです。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">*感情や心理状態を表す動詞の多くは、「誰かを(目的語)〜する感情にさせる」という他動詞なので、「〜な気持ちになる」と英語で表現したい時には、受動態を使って、「〜な気持ちにさせられる」としないとダメなんです。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">つまり、</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;">“I'm so exciting〜”というと、“私は、他人をとても興奮させるのよ”</span>っていう全然違う意味になります。まあ、峰不二子だったら使うこともあるでしょうけど、普通の人はたぶん使えないですよね(笑</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">受動態の形は、</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">「される側</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">」be+ 過去分詞「する側」</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">例えば、I'm so excited for my summer holiday.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">「my summer holiday」によって「excite」されるという意味になります。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">I'm so excited. I can't wait!! </span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">とすると、</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">もっと「わくわくする」みたいなニュアンスにすることができます。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">それでは、例文です。</span><br />
<br />
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">I starting a new job soon and I'm really excited.</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">(もうすぐ、新しい仕事が始まる。ほんとわくわくするね。)</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">I'm so excited for the Olympics. Playing in the Olympics is every athlete's dream.</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">(オリンピックはわくわくするね。オリンピックでプレイすることは、すべてのアスリートにとっての夢だからね。)</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">最後に“I'm so excited”を使った応用を1つ。</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><br />
<div style="display: inline !important;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> I'm so excited for you. </span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span>
<br />
<div style="display: inline !important;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">(自分のことのようにわくわくするね)</span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">「for you」=あなたのために(自分まで)わくわくするよ!</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><br />
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span>
<br />
<div style="display: inline !important;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">こんなことを英語で言えたら、なかなかオシャレですよね。</span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<div style="display: inline !important;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">おまけ</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">「for you」を使った表現</span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">I'm happy for you.「自分のことのように嬉しいね」</span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span>
<br />
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">みなさん、今、何かしたくて仕方のない事ってあります?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">そんな時に、使える便利な表現が『so badly』</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">意味は、『〜したくて仕方がない</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">』</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">動作を強く切望するみたいな意味になります。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">今の自分の場合はこれですね。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">“I want to travel “so badly” (本当に旅行に行きたい)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">この場合だと、travelを強く切望する。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">つまり、旅行に行きたくてしかたがない、とか、本当に旅行に行きたいんだ。みたいなニュアンスになります。ではなぜ、悪いという意味の badly が切望するみたいな意味になるのでしょうか?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">それは、badlyの意味にヒントがあります。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>『badly』</i></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i></i></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i><br /></i></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>①悪く,まずく,下手に (⇔well).</i></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>He did very badly in school. 彼は学校の成績が大変悪かった</i></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i><br /></i></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></i></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>②ひどく,激しく.</i></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>He was badly injured in a traffic accident. 彼は交通事故でひどい怪我をした</i></span><br />
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i><br /></i></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i><br /></i></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>③(want,need などを修飾して)とても,大いに,非常に</i></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>He badly needs advice. 彼は助言をとても必要としている<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></i></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">これでいくと3番のとても、多いに、非常にですね。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">so badlyはwant, need, feel, missなどを感情的に強調したい時に使うイディオムです。使い方がわかりにくいと思うので、いくつか例文をのせます。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">I want to see you so badly. (あなたに会いたくてたまらない)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">I miss you so badly.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">I want to get a new job so badly. (本当に新しい仕事をみつけたい)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">I need your help so badly. </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">(あなたの助けがとても必要だ)</span><br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">I'm badly in need of your help. </span></div>
<div style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
</div>
<div style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
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<div style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<br />
補足ですが、 I miss you so badly.の後ろにI can't stand it.(我慢できない)という言葉を足すと、“本当に会いたくてしかたがないんだ”とより強調する表現になります。<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
What do you want to do “so badly” ?<br />
<br />
See you!!<br />
<div>
<br /></div>
</div>
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</script>pex5phttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17141963013587605341noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4672793574209543126.post-8567311286954871362013-08-20T00:20:00.001+09:002021-03-10T14:52:01.604+09:00英会話の表現を豊かにするキーワード 『見積もり』に『専門外』『ballpark』を使った表現の使いかた<head>
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<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">連日、甲子園で繰り広げられる熱戦に、一喜一憂している方も多いのではないでしょうか?日本では野球場のことを『Baseball stadium』と呼んでますが、本場のアメリカでは『Ballpark』と呼ばれています。</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /><br /><br /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;">今回の表現は『ballpark』</span></span></div>
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<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
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<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;">『ballpark estimate (price)』といえば『概算見積もり』</span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">『ballpark figure』といえば、『おおよその数字』を指します。</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">つまり、『ballpark』とは『だいたい幾らくらい』という意味を指し、これは、『約いくら』というよりは推測、予想の範囲内の数字を伝える時に使うイディオムです。</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">この表現は、日常の会話として、よく用いられる表現なんです。</span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">でも不思議ですよね。</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">なぜ『野球場』が『おおよそ』になったのか?</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">それは、野球の試合で観客数をアナウンスする際、大雑把な数字を発表していた昔の習慣からできた慣用句みたいですね。</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br />使い方としては、</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>Can you give us a ball park figure?(見積りを依頼する時など)</i></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>概算を教えていただけますか?</i></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /><i>That's just a ballpark price.</i></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>だいたいそれくらいの金額だよ。</i></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /><br />その他にも『ballpark』の使い方があります。</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;">『out of one's ballpark』=専門外である</span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /><br /><i>Could you please explain that term?</i></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>(その用語について詳しくご説明いただけますか?)</i></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i><br />I'm afraid it's a little out of my ballpark .</i></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>(すみません、それについては専門外でして)</i></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /><br /><br /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;">なぜ、専門外という意味になるのか?</span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"> それは、『野球場』を1つの枠のある『範囲』とすると、</span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">そこから外にある(out of)、範囲外→『専門外』となります。</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">これらのイディオムは、野球が語源になっているので、</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">当然、アメリカ英語です。</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /><br />もし、この言葉が、ヨーロッパで生まれてたら</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;">『football field』</span>になってたかもですね(笑)</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: large;">『join』『participate』『take part in』</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">どれも『参加する』という和訳がされますが、どう違うんでしょうか?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">違いを明らかにするために『語源』をもとに考えましょう。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: large;">『join』</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">この単語はラテン語の『ju(n)g-, junct-</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">』からきています。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">意味は『to bind together, connect(つなぐ)』</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">つまり、『join』の参加するは、</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">『人と人をつなぐ、同じ場に一緒にいるということがベースになるような</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">イメージですね』</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>Do you join lunch with us? (一緒にランチしない?)</i></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i><br /></i></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i><br /></i></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">参加するというよりは、一緒に何かをするというような使われ方をします。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">この他に、</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">to become involved in an activity(</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">ある活動にかかわるようになること)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">という意味もあります。</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">つまり、語源の通り、活動を通して繫がるということですね。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">例としては、</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>join a party</i></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>join a company</i></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>join the society</i></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: large;">『participate』</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">この単語を分解すると、『part- cip- ate』になります。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">ラテン語の『cip』は『catch (捕える、容れる)』</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">part-cip-ate とは、part『部分』をcip『捕まえる』</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">部分を捕まえる</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">→部分とは役割と言い換えられるから、役割を捕まえる→</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">参加する</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">一般に使われる日本語の『参加する』という意味では、</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">『join』よりも『participate』の方が適してますね。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">また、</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">『take part in』もpart(部分)をtake(捕まえる)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">participateとほぼ同じ意味になります。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">従って、</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">『participate』、</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">『take part in』は単に参加する。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i><br /></i></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>participate in sports</i></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>take part in a project </i></span><br />
<div style="display: inline !important;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">みたいに何かに参加するという場合に使います。</span></div>
<br />
<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">よって、こんな使い方が出来ます。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>I want to participate in that next time too.</i></span><br />
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>(次回も参加したいです。)</i></span></div>
<br />
<div style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"><br /></span></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"><br /></span></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;"><br /></span></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-size: large;">『attend』</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;">(参加するというよりは出席する)</span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">この単語を分化すると『at- tend』</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">『at(〜に)+L.tendere(伸ばす)→意識を傾ける→出席する。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">つまり、ちゃんと準備して参加する(予め決まっている予定に対して)</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">みたいなイメージですね。</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">つまり、この単語は、参加ではなく、予め予定のある会議、パーティーなどに出席する時に使います。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>attend a meeting</i></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><i>attend a lecture</i></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">どうです?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;">この違いわかりましたか?和英辞書で引くと同じ意味でも『語源』をたどると、その単語が持つ本来の意味がみえてきますね。また気になる単語があれば調べてみます。</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"><br /></span>
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